What role does lysozyme play in immune function?

Lysozyme plays a crucial role in the immune system by breaking down bacterial cell walls. It is an enzyme that specifically targets the peptidoglycan layer of bacteria, which is essential for maintaining the structural integrity of bacterial cells. When lysozyme hydrolyzes the bonds in this layer, it compromises the cell wall, leading to lysis or destruction of the bacteria. This action is particularly important for innate immunity, as lysozyme is found in various bodily secretions, such as saliva, tears, and mucus, helping to provide an immediate defense against bacterial infections.

Other choices such as inhibiting viral replication, regulating body temperature, or stimulating lymphocyte production do not accurately represent the function of lysozyme. Inhibiting viral replication is primarily managed by other components of the immune response, such as interferons. Regulating body temperature is a function of the hypothalamus in response to infection, while stimulating lymphocyte production is associated with cytokines and other immune signaling molecules rather than lysozyme itself.