What is a significant oral manifestation associated with HIV?

Hairy leukoplakia is a significant oral manifestation associated with HIV infection, particularly indicative of immunosuppression. It is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and typically appears as white patches on the lateral borders of the tongue that cannot be scraped off. This condition is more common in individuals with HIV because their immune systems are compromised, allowing opportunistic infections like EBV to express itself more aggressively.

Understanding the role of hairy leukoplakia is crucial for recognizing HIV-related complications and managing dental health in patients living with HIV. It serves as a clinical marker of disease progression and immune status, often occurring in those with a CD4 count below 500 cells/mm³. In contrast to this, other options like canker sores, gingivitis, and pulpitis may occur in the general population and are not specifically linked as significant indicators of HIV progression or immune deficiency.