What characterizes HIV-associated lipodystrophy?

HIV-associated lipodystrophy is characterized by abnormal fat distribution in individuals living with HIV, particularly those who have been treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART). This condition can manifest as the loss of subcutaneous fat in specific areas of the body, such as the face, arms, and legs, while simultaneously leading to fat accumulation in other areas, notably the abdomen, breasts, and back of the neck.

This pattern of fat redistribution can have significant physical and psychological impacts on patients. It is important to note that this syndrome is partly attributable to the use of older antiretroviral medications, although it can occur in patients receiving contemporary treatments as well. The prevalence and severity of lipodystrophy vary, but the distinct abnormal fat distribution remains a common characteristic.

Other options, such as increased muscle mass, excessive weight gain without therapy, or improved metabolic function, do not align with the typical manifestations of HIV-associated lipodystrophy, which focuses on the disruption of normal fat distribution and not muscle development or overall metabolic improvement.