How does HIV evade the immune system?

HIV evades the immune system primarily by mutating rapidly and hiding within host cells. The virus has a high mutation rate, which allows it to change its surface antigens frequently. This rapid mutation helps HIV escape recognition by the host's immune system, particularly by antibodies and T cells that are designed to target specific viral antigens.

Furthermore, HIV primarily infects CD4+ T cells, a crucial component of the immune response. By integrating into the host cell's DNA, HIV can persist in a latent state, making it challenging for the immune system to detect and eliminate these infected cells. This ability to remain hidden and constantly change its appearance to the immune system is a significant factor in HIV's capacity to establish chronic infection and persist despite an ongoing immune response.

While the other options mention factors such as antibody production, destruction of immune cells, and simultaneous activation of immune responses, they do not accurately reflect the primary mechanisms by which HIV effectively evades immune detection and clearance.