Following a stem cell transplant, what symptom may signal graft-versus-host disease?

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a condition that can occur after a stem cell transplant, where the donated immune cells (graft) attack the recipient's (host) tissues. One of the hallmark symptoms of acute GVHD is the appearance of a skin rash. This rash can vary in presentation, ranging from mild erythema to a more severe, extensive involvement that resembles other dermatological conditions.

The development of this skin rash is significant because it reflects the immune response of the transplanted cells recognizing the host’s tissue as foreign, which is a key feature of GVHD. While other symptoms such as gastrointestinal issues or fatigue can occur, the rash is one of the most characteristic and easily identifiable symptoms of acute GVHD, making it crucial for monitoring after a stem cell transplant.

Recognizing a skin rash as a potential warning sign can lead to early intervention, which is vital for managing GVHD effectively.