Which of the following tests is typically used for initial HIV screenings?

The ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) or rapid antibody test is the preferred method for initial HIV screenings because it is sensitive and can detect antibodies produced in response to the HIV virus. These tests are designed to identify HIV antibodies in blood or oral fluid, providing results relatively quickly, especially in the case of rapid tests, which can offer results within minutes.

This initial screening process is crucial because early detection of HIV can significantly improve health outcomes and allow for timely intervention. Although the Western blot test is a confirmatory test following a positive screening result, it is not used for initial screening. The complete blood count is a general test that does not specifically detect HIV, and a viral load test measures the amount of HIV in the blood but is not used for initial screening. Thus, the ELISA or rapid antibody test is the appropriate choice for an initial HIV screening due to its efficiency and effectiveness at detecting HIV during the critical early stages of infection.