Which cells does HIV primarily infect?

HIV primarily infects CD4 T cells, which play a crucial role in the immune response. These cells are a subset of T lymphocytes and are essential for orchestrating the immune system's response to infections and diseases. The virus specifically targets the CD4 receptor on the surface of these cells, leading to their destruction and a subsequent decline in immune function.

The destruction of CD4 T cells is significant because it results in a weakened immune system, making the body more susceptible to opportunistic infections and certain cancers, hallmark features of AIDS. This targeting of CD4 T cells distinguishes HIV from pathogens that may affect other cell types, which contributes to the unique progression and challenges associated with HIV infection and management.

While red blood cells, neutrophils, and B cells play important roles in the immune system, they are not primary targets for HIV infection. Red blood cells do not have CD4 receptors, and while neutrophils and B cells are integral to immune responses, they are not the key cells that HIV attacks, leading to the virus’s long-term impact on the body's ability to fight infections.