What is a key side effect patients should be informed about when starting efavirenz (Sustiva)?

Dizziness and confusion are indeed key side effects associated with efavirenz (Sustiva). Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) commonly used in the treatment of HIV. It works by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is critical for viral replication.

Patients starting on efavirenz should be carefully monitored for central nervous system (CNS) adverse effects, which can include dizziness, confusion, and alterations in mood or perception. These effects can occur especially in the first few weeks of treatment as the body adjusts to the medication, and they may vary in intensity among different individuals.

The importance of informing patients about these potential side effects lies in the need to ensure adherence to the medication regimen. Understanding that these side effects may occur can help patients manage their symptoms and communicate any severe issues to their healthcare providers. Moreover, the presence of dizziness and confusion can significantly impact a patient's daily activities, so awareness and education play a crucial role in their overall treatment experience.

In contrast, while nausea and vomiting, insomnia and anxiety, and fatigue and headache are possible side effects of various medications, they are not typically the most prominent or troublesome effects associated with efavirenz specifically. Therefore, it is