What does the term 'seroconversion' refer to in HIV infection?

The term 'seroconversion' refers specifically to the development of antibodies in the blood in response to an infection, including HIV. During the initial stages of HIV infection, the virus replicates rapidly, but the immune system has not yet produced specific antibodies against it. Seroconversion marks the point at which the body begins to produce antibodies that can be detected through laboratory tests.

This phenomenon is critical in the context of HIV because it signifies that the immune system has recognized the presence of the virus and is launching an immune response. The timing of seroconversion can vary among individuals but typically occurs within weeks to months after the initial infection. Identifying seroconversion is essential for diagnosing HIV, as it indicates an active infection, and can help in monitoring and managing the disease.