What action should be taken first when a patient with HIV exhibits vague symptoms and a positive EIA test?

When a patient with HIV exhibits vague symptoms and a positive EIA (enzyme immunoassay) test, the first action should be to order a repeat EIA test for confirmation. This step is essential because while the EIA test is a sensitive and commonly used initial screening tool for HIV, it can sometimes yield false-positive results. Confirmatory testing is crucial before moving forward with any treatment or further assessments.

Confirming the diagnosis through a repeat EIA helps ensure that the positive result reflects an actual HIV infection rather than a false positive, which can occur for various reasons, including cross-reactivity with other antibodies. Only after confirming the diagnosis can appropriate treatment options or further evaluations be discussed with the patient. This systematic approach helps in providing accurate care and avoids unnecessary treatment or anxiety for the patient. It underscores the importance of verifying test results to ensure patient safety and appropriate management.