Under what conditions should antiretroviral therapy (ART) be initiated in HIV patients?

The initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV patients is guided by specific clinical criteria aimed at maximizing health outcomes and preventing the progression of the disease. The correct answer reflects that ART should be initiated when a patient's CD4 count falls below 350 cells/mm³, if the patient is symptomatic, or if they demonstrate readiness to start treatment.

Starting ART at a CD4 count below 350 cells/mm³ helps to preserve the immune system and reduce the risk of opportunistic infections and other complications. Additionally, beginning treatment upon the presence of symptoms expedites intervention that can significantly improve the patient's quality of life and prognosis. Patient readiness is also a critical factor, as starting treatment requires adherence to a lifelong regimen, and patients must be prepared both psychologically and logistically to maintain their treatment plan.

This approach aligns with current guidelines, which emphasize early treatment to better manage HIV infection, enhance health outcomes, and reduce the risk of transmission to others. By considering these three criteria, healthcare providers can make informed decisions that align with best practices in HIV care.